The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported a surge in human cases of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Mauritania and Senegal, with 404 confirmed infections and 42 fatalities recorded between September 20 and October 30, 2025. The outbreak, primarily affecting pastoral and agricultural communities, has raised urgent public health concerns in both countries.
Rift Valley Fever is a viral disease that spreads from animals to humans through mosquito bites or contact with infected livestock. Common symptoms include fever, muscle pain, headache, and, in severe cases, hemorrhagic fever or organ failure. While many infected individuals experience mild illness, the virus can be fatal, particularly among high-risk groups such as herders and slaughterhouse workers.
Authorities in Mauritania and Senegal have intensified surveillance, vaccination campaigns for livestock, and public awareness initiatives to curb the spread of the virus. Health officials have also issued guidance urging people to avoid contact with sick animals, use mosquito protection, and report symptoms promptly.
The WHO stressed the importance of rapid containment measures to prevent further human and animal infections and advised neighboring countries to remain vigilant. The agency continues to monitor the situation closely, coordinating with local health ministries to support laboratory testing, case management, and vector control.
The ongoing outbreak underscores the broader risk of RVF in West Africa, where periodic epidemics have historically caused significant morbidity and mortality among both humans and livestock. Public health experts emphasize that early detection, community education, and veterinary interventions are key to controlling future outbreaks.